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Matt (yes, that Matt) on WordPress Security

Even though the post title and first paragraph are about calling out a sound-and-fury-signifying-nothing alert, most of his post is good stuff on WordPress, with lots of links.

… there is a wave of attacks going around targeting old WordPress blogs, particularly those on the 2.1 or 2.2 branch. They’re exploiting problems that have been fixed for a year or more. This typically manifests itself through hidden spam being put on your site, either in the post or in a directory, and people notice when they get dropped from Google.

Posted 14 April 2008 † 2718.us § Blogging ‡ Comments (2) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Real Programmers…

Posted 14 April 2008 † 2718.us § Web Programming ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Limitations of lj-stat

To the best of my knowledge and research, my LJ-code-base Site Statistics page (lj-stat) has the most comprehensive list of sites running off of LiveJournal’s codebase (if you know of any that I’ve missed, please let me know).  The main point, though, is the comparative statistics.  This is where things get strange.  LJ and most of the sites provide a pretty statistics page at /stats.bml and in most (or all?) instances, stats.bml says at the top (this is from LJ itself)

Raw data can be picked up here.

where “here” links to /stats/stats.txt.  On at least one site, stats.bml has this text, but stats/stats.txt returns a 404.  On at least one site, both stats.bml and stats/stats.txt return 404.  Since it looks to me like the whole point of providing stats.txt was to provide a more machine-readable set of stats that didn’t require loading a full web page and screen-scraping, I have no intention of trying to screen-scrape the info I want.

Now, to make things even stranger, some sites are missing what I’d call “key” stats from their stats.txt files.  In particular, the one I care most about is the “active in some way in the past 30 days” measure since I think that’s the best measure of the vitality of a site (well, either that, or what portion of the total userbase it represents).  Stranger still is that some sites report numbers in stats.txt that not only don’t match stats.bml, but make no sense whatsoever (DeadJournal perpetually reports only 10 accounts updating in the past 30 days, even though stats.bml has more sensible numbers).

Unrelated to the content of stats.txt is the “Speed Index” column–based on the rate of transfer reported by libcurl when retrieving stats.txt, where the speed index of a site is given as the percentage of the fastest transfer rate.  What I don’t quite understand is how InsaneJournal is always at least twice as speedy as any other site, often at least 4x or 6x the speed.  It actually made me wonder if my server and theirs were somehow in the same datacenter or something, but there are at least a dozen hops between us (which is more than from my server to some other LJ-based sites), so maybe it does have something to do with the servers themselves and not just network conditions.

Please let me know if you have any suggestions about enhancements to lj-stat.  Also, feel free to try to convince the sites that don’t provide stats.txt to start providing it and to try to get sites where the numbers are clearly wrong to try to fix it.

Posted 13 April 2008 † 2718.us § LJ-Stat ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Using WordPress for User Authentication

Plenty of people seem to have written a lot about how to make WordPress use some other program’s user authentication mechanism, but there seems to be fairly little on how to get at WordPress’s user authentication from some other program.  Fortunately, I found this article, and got what I wanted.

It’s a fairly straight-forward process.  At its simplest:

require_once('wp-config.php');
  1. auth_redirect();

Including wp-config.php (you may have to watch the path) gets you just about all of WordPress and auth_redirect() will check if the user is logged in to WordPress and if not, they get bounced to a login form.

Where things get trickier is if you want to use the authentication on a subdomain (you have to tweak COOKIE_DOMAIN in wp-config.php [to override what’s already in wp-settings.php) or if your blog is in a subdirectory and you want the authentication outside that subdirectory (try tweaking COOKIEPATH).

Oh, and if you try to put the require_once() statement inside a function, you will also need

global $wpdb;

or nothing will work.

The issue of how much memory it consumes to load all of WordPress just to authenticate users is a whole separate issue.

Posted 12 April 2008 † 2718.us § Web Programming ‡ Comments (4) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Web Hosting

… or “How I learned to stop worrying and just sell my friends hosting.”

I have many friends who aren’t particularly techie types.  Actually, I have very few techie friends.  And they all figure I’m the go-to guy for their tech questions.  Hence, I get asked to “help out” with setting up web sites now and then.

At some point, it occurred to me that, while there were plenty of good vendors I could recommend to peope (I’ll even give a list of some below), if I suggested that a friend use one or more of these vendors, the friend would inevitably still have questions that were vague and not really tech-support questions, and they’d end up back asking me for help.  It’s much easier to help them if I don’t have to go digging through some hosting company’s control panel to find the one messed up setting that I could have fixed in 2 seconds with a command line…

So I should just provide these people with hosting.  This is how I entered the world of small, in some sense “boutique,” hosting.  I’m not a company with credit card processing and automated account setup and 24-7 tech support.  These aren’t mission-critical sites.  When I’m asked, “How do I go about setting up a web site for [X]?” I can explain the overall steps (get a domain name; get hosting; if these are separate, point name at host; make web pages; upload web pages), I can recommend commercial providers (list below), and I can add that while I can honestly recommend those vendors, I can also offer to deal with all the setup and hosting to the point where they have some control panel and can figure out page creation and uploading, and I’ll charge them something or other that we mutually agree is fair.

When things break, I can fix them on the server easily.  If they’re unhappy, I can help them move off to a commercial provider.  And, hopefully, what they pay me defrays the costs of the servers I’m already running my sites on.

Oh, and as a side note, unless you’re doing something fancy or getting a lot of traffic on your site, there is no reason to be paying more than about $1/month for hosting, and contracts longer than a year are probably a bad idea (except where the monthlies are so small as to make month-to-month impractical, say maybe under $5/month, or where there’s a deep discount for longer contracts, I strongly prefer month-to-month payment rather than yearly contracts).

Continue Reading »

Posted 11 April 2008 † 2718.us § General ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

The Argument for a Mac

I have about as many WinXP machines as OS X machines around here (and a few OpenBSD boxes, but that’s beside the point), and yet I find it’s rare that I touch anything other than the Macs anymore.  Why?  Well, I suspect it’s the same reason I keep seeing little things here and there that suggest developers are increasingly working on Macs–if I want a Mac program, well, duh, I’m on a Mac; if I want a PC program, I’ve got Parallels, so I don’t even have to deal with dual-booting; if I want a ‘nix machine, I just look under the Mac GUI and there’s a BSD-type ‘nix (oh, and OS X can run a standard X11 server, too).  I can use virtually any tool out there and work in all three worlds with one machine.  I no longer need to have two or three machines on my desk at home, just my Mac desktop.  I probably won’t be taking more than one laptop on the road with me anymore (I have travelled with two on several occasions in the past), just my Mac laptop.

Why do I want all these different facets?  Well, much as I hate to use it, damn near everyone in “the business world” uses Microsoft Office, and the Mac versions suck (I don’t know about 2008, but I’m not optimistic) and I’d rather use the PC version (2003, since 2007 is a disaster best described as MS openly giving the finger to all its customers).  Graphics work and page layout are in various Adobe Creative Suite products under OS X (I suppose that there exist PC versions, but really, who does graphics work on a PC?).  I also prefer web and email on the Mac side.  Then, when I have to deal with network/server/etc. stuff, I dive into terminal and I’m off.  For actual programming, while I love using WinSCP + TextPad under Windows, LOVE it, I tend more toward Transmit + Komodo Edit nowadays (this is largely a side effect of having a huge project hosted on a server that only supports FTP, not SFTP, and for whatever reason, WinSCP can’t seem to maintain a stable FTP connection with that server, so editing led to all sorts of nasty corruption and whatnot when the connection would drop mid-edit).

Oh, and it doesn’t hurt that my day job is in an all-Mac office.

Posted 10 April 2008 † 2718.us § Mac OS X ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , ,

CAPTCHAs

Recently (yesterday? today?), a hosting provider I inhereted when I took over a web site decided to add a CAPTCHA to their login page.  That is, every time I want to log in to their control panel, I have to do their CAPTCHA, which is one of the harder ones to read that I’ve seen.  Mind you, I already dislike this provider because they only allow FTP access (no security whatsoever) and because the only way to access the MySQL databases is through through their control panel.  Oh, and it really didn’t help their case when they said that CAPTCHA is an acronym for “Completely Automated Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart”–there are just a few too many Ts in there.

(Oh, and unrelated to CAPTCHAs, I am right now grateful for the autosaving of drafts in WordPress, since, when I went to the hosting provider’s web site to check that I was correctly quoting them, I experienced the fourth crash of Firefox 3b5 tonight, all four of which have occurred when clicking on some part of this hosting provider’s control panel.)

I hate CAPTCHAs, but I think they are (in some instances) a necessary evil.  I have, in fact, even written my own in PHP, using a lot of the CAPTCHA-defeating research as a guide for building a computer-resistant but human-readable CAPTCHA, but again I’m getting away from my intended point.  To me, a CAPTCHA is a roadblock of last resort.  It’s annoying to your users, so if you decide to employ a CAPTCHA, either you don’t care about your users or you’re overrun with bots that cannot easily be stopped any other way.  The only places I’ve employed CAPTCHAs are on guestbook-type pages where the volume of spambot comments were such that I was hitting a disk quota issue and on account signup pages.  This hosting provider, however, wants me to deal with a CAPTCHA whenever I want to do anything with the account at all because, they say, they want to prevent automated login attempts.  Wouldn’t rate-limiting be a much better solution?  Maybe looking at user agents?  Javascript?  How about using something like Bad Behavior?

Ahh, well.  I’ll transfer the domain name out now, and when the hosting plan is up in about 16 months (2-year auto-renew, happened just before I took over), I’ll be moving that web site elsewhere.

Posted 09 April 2008 † 2718.us § Web Programming ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , ,

Doing the Registrar Shuffle

Somehow, I get the feeling that I’ll be doing this more and more often over the next decade or two.  I’m just about done transferring my domains to GoDaddy.  This especially amuses me because for the past few years I’ve been with one of their reselling partners.  At the start, this partner was slightly cheaper than GoDaddy across the board.  Now, not so much.  Cheaper on one thing by a few cents, more on another by a few dollars.  And then there are the bulk transfer deals with GoDaddy.  So, I’m wondering, will transferring in bulk every year or two to pick up some new “Transfer to us for thi special price!” deal become my modus operani?

Posted 09 April 2008 † 2718.us § General ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , ,

php5 is fun

A few weeks ago, I upgraded my primary server to some version of php5 (from php4).  It’s been some time since I moved from php3 to php4 (even though I still have some files with a .php3 extension), but I don’t remember it being a huge change.  I upgraded because there was some small feature I wanted…  actually two small features I wanted that weren’t in php4.  One of them was all the curl_multi_ stuff (which parallelized the retrieval of the various LJ clone stats.txt files, making the cache update for that site a much much shorter process).  I don’t, offhand, remember what the other one was, I just know I ran into it again in the past few days and it was some other function that didn’t exist until php5.

Now, what I didn’t know when I did the upgrade was that php5 defaults to having register_globals off.  This is a very good thing.  I’ve been working hard for the past year to make sure any code I was working on didn’t rely on register_globals.  What I didn’t do however, was make sure that any code that was already in use on my server didn’t need register_globals.  This led to a weekend of digging through server error logs to find the scripts that needed to be fixed (if they could easily be fixed) or patch specific chunks of code wholesale by forcing register_globals on in .htaccess.

Lately, though, I’ve been playing with objects/classes.  I like the changes in the object/class stuff in php5 (even though I’m very oldskool and OOP still feels very strange to me, I keep trying to make OOP stuff work).  Komodo Edit, however, doesn’t seem to like it when I use php5 things like protected and private functions and variables.  I suspect this is because my macs have php4 somewhere and Komodo Edit is using the actual php executable to run syntax checks.  I haven’t yet found an easy way to deal with this, since I don’t want to just install php5 over the php4 that’s part of the base OS X install.

Posted 08 April 2008 † 2718.us § Web Programming ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , , , ,

covert blog hacks?

Having noticed what seemed like it might be an urgent-ish security-related post show up in the mass of post links at the bottom of my WordPress dashboard, then following some links:

There seems to be two kinds of hackery going on, just like I’ve described:

1. Inserting “invisible” HTML full of links (for NSFW sites) into your WP template that isn’t obvious when you go to your blog, but is VERY obvious when you look at the source code (and start seeing that you’re getting traffic for some “peculiar” terms).

2. Inserting whole new source code / new sneaky themes that copy other blogs / content *exactly*, which is full of spammy content and affiliate links.

(Vulnerable WordPress Blogs Not Being Indexed > Massive Blog Hackery Exposed > TailRank Exposes Massive Number of Blogs Hacked) It seems like if you’re running WordPress, it’s advisable to upgrade to 2.5 (which was relatively painless) as well as checking the actual code of your theme…

Posted 08 April 2008 † 2718.us § Blogging ‡ Comments (0) ° Tagged: , , , , , , ,
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